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- T2 virus
- [gene mapping] [Hershey-Chase experiment]
- T4 virus
- [rII locus]
- TACO (tryptophan-aspartate coat protein)
- Taenia solium
- Taiga
- TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases)
- Tanning
- TAP = Transporter associated with antigen processing
- Tapeworms
- Taste, in humans
- TATA box
- Tatum, E. L.
- Taxes
- Taxol
- Taxonomy
- Classification of organisms. [Discussion]
- Tay-Sachs disease
- TBP (TATA-binding protein)
- TCDD (dioxin)
- T cell
- Lymphocyte that matures within the thymus. [Discussion] [CD4+ subset] [CD8+ subset] [Helper subsets (Th1, Th2, Tfh, Th17)] [Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL)] [Regulatory T cells] [Gamma/Delta T cells]
- TCR
- T-cell receptor for antigen. [More] [gene segments]
- Telomerase
- [and replicative senescence]
- Telomeres
- Temperate
- [deciduous forest] [rain forest]
- Tendon
- Teratocarcinoma
- Teratogen
- A substance that causes birth defects.
- Teratoma
- Tertiary structure, of protein
- Tesla
- Test cross
- [monohybrid] [dihybrid]
- Testes, human
- Testosterone
- Tetanus
- Sustained maximal contraction of a muscle. [More]
- Tetracycline antibiotics
- Tetracycline response element
- Tetrad
- (1) The duplicated homologous chromosomes held together by chiasmata prior to anaphase of meiosis I. [View] Each tetrad contains four chromatids. (2) The four products of meiosis kept together like the four spores in the ascus of budding yeast. [View]
- Tetrahymena thermophila
- Tetraparental mouse
- Tetrapods
- TFIID (Transcription factor IID)
- Thalamus
- Thalassemia
- THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)
- Thecodonts
- Thelytoky, automictic
- Therapsids
- Thermoacidophiles
- Thiamine (vitamin B1)
- Thick (and thin) filaments of muscle
- Thoracic duct
- Three-point cross
- [in corn (maize)] [in T2 bacteriophage]
- Threonine
- Threshold
- [of response to toxic agents] [of neurons] [of skeletal muscle]
- Thrombin
- Thrombocytopenic purpura, immune
- Thrombomodulin
- Thrombopoietin
- Thromboxanes (TXs)
- Thylakoid
- [structure] [and light reactions]
- Thymidine kinase
- Thymine
- Thymus
- [function]
- Thyroid gland
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
- Tight Junctions
- Timeless (tim) gene
- Tinbergen, N.
- Tissue
- Association of cells bound together by cell walls (plants) or extracellular matrix (animals) that performs particular functions. [plant tissues] [animal tissues]
- Tissue Factor (TF)
- Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
- Tissue typing
- Titer
- Titin
- Tocopherol (vitamin E)
- Tolerance, immunological
- Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
- Tonus
- Sustained, partial contraction of a muscle. [More]
- TOR ("target of rapamycin")
- Torr
- A unit of pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1 mm high; hence equal to the unit mm Hg.
- Total fertility rate (TFR)
- Touch, sense of
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Toxin
- Metabolic product (usually a protein) of an organism that is poisonous to another organism.
- Toxoid
- Toxin treated to destroy its poisonous quality but leaves it capable of stimulating the production of antibodies that will be able to bind to the unaltered toxin. The DTP vaccine contains both diphtheria and tetanus toxoid.
- Toxoplasma gondii
- TP53
- [tumor suppressor gene] [detecting DNA damage]
- Tracheal system of insects
- Tracheophyte
- A plant with a vascular system of xylem and phloem. Includes all plants except mosses and their relatives.
- Tranquilizers
- Transcription
- The synthesis of a sequence of ribonucleotides complementary to the sequence of deoxyribonucleotides in a molecule of DNA. [Discussion]
- Transcription factor
- A protein needed to initiate the transcription of a gene. Some transcription factors bind to specific sequences of DNA (promoters and enhancers); others bind to each other; many bind both to DNA as well as to other transcription factors.
- [general discussion] [selector genes]
[glucocorticoid receptor] [jun,fos,myc] [E2F] [TFIIH] [isolating transcription factors by affinity chromatography]
- Transcriptome
- Transducin
- Transduction
- Trans fatty acids
- Transformation
- 1. The modification of the genotype of a cell by introduction of DNA from another source. [Discussion]
2. The conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous one. [Discussion]
- Transforming Growth Factor-β
- Transgenic
- An animal or plant that has been deliberately transformed with a foreign gene and is able to pass that gene on to future generations in its gametes. [making transgenic animals] [making transgenic plants]
- Transitions (in DNA)
- Translation
- The synthesis of a polypeptide in accordance with the genetic information encoded in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). [Discussion]
- Translocation
- (1) Transfer of a piece of one chromosome to another, nonhomologous, chromosome. [More] [Example: Philadelphia chromosome]
- (2) Transport of proteins in (and out) of the endoplasmic reticulum.
- (3) Transport of materials, e.g., water and food, from one part of a plant to another.
- Transmembrane protein
- Protein that passes one or more times through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. [color schematic (48K)]
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
- Transpiration
- Transpiration-Pull
- Transplantation
- [ discussion of organ and tissue transplantation ] [ transplants of hematopoietic stem cells ]
- Transport vesicle
- Membrane-enclosed structure that shuttles soluble as well as integral membrane proteins to various destinations within the cell. [More]
- Transposons
- Transversions (in DNA)
- Trematoda
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Triglyceride
- Trihalomethanes (THMs) (by-products of water chlorination)
- Trilinolein
- Trinucleotide repeats
- Trisomy 21
- Tristearin
- Trochophore larva
- Trophic level
- Trophoblast
- Tropical rain forest biome
- Tropisms
- Troponin and Tropomyosin
- TRPV receptors
- Trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)
- [how the parasite evades the immune response]
- Trypsin
- Tryptophan
- [structure] [repressor]
- TSH
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- T system
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Tubular secretion
- Tubulin
- Tularemia
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL)
- Tumor necrosis factors (TNF)
- [and inflammation] [and apoptosis] [TNF-β (lymphotoxin)] [TNF-α receptors]
- Tumor suppressor genes
- Tundra biome
- Tunicata (Urochordata)
- Turbellaria
- Turgor
- [in guard cells of leaf]
- Turner syndrome
- Two-hybrid system
- Tyrosine
- Tyrosine kinases